She makes the point that ‘the transition from a command economy to a market economy failed by any criteria’ (p. passive acquiescence by deliberately ‘being blind on the right eye’ and failing to speak out against the spread of ideologies that were previously unacceptable. This marks the beginning of a process of the ‘othering’ of certain communities via a move away from discussions of race, pluralism and inclusivity toward one of culture and identity.

The story usually goes like this: processes like globalisation and post-industrialisation produce an identity crisis in the neglected sectors of society, which increasingly turns people towards the extreme right. The North Anatolian Fault, one of the most active faults in the world, runs 20 km south of Istanbul.

that appear almost out of nowhere to attach themselves to specific causes, in particular when the overall political climate facilitates this. The style is a little heavy, switching between a journalistic approach to that of an academic text, and the use of abbreviations without a glossary made keeping up with the whos and wheres a little difficult [note for publisher, a glossary would be a really good addition to further editions]. Furthermore, this creates separate forms of detention for asylum seekers and, indeed, discrete prison regimes for foreign-national offenders, all backed up by legal changes that underpin this move away from the principle of equality under the law. The traditional view of leftish sections of the commentariat is that this continent-wide surge in support is built on the votes of people who have been “left behind” by changes in the organisation of capitalism and “let down” by the political centre, and perhaps particularly by the centre-left. Fekete’s most refreshing and original analysis concerns the ‘Exit programmes’ of various European countries, which aim to re-integrate radicalised citizens into society.

The left must be rooted in local communities, supporting new models of economic and community regeneration based on self-help to give people hope and dignity’ (176). But the Chemnitz riots also showed the active part state organisations can play in making extreme right views acceptable in society. For example, a constructivist media theory could have supplemented the various examples given regarding the media’s role in the rise of the extreme right.This relationship extends into North Africa, where Paris cooperates with Cairo and Abu Dhabi to support the forces of Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar in his war against the Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA). Liz Fekete is Director of the Institute of Race Relations, where she has worked for over thirty years.

We don’t share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we don’t sell your information to others. These fears lead to a prioritisation of cultural cleavages over economic cleavages and the left has to therein ‘win back the losers of globalisation’, who ‘vote against their own fundamental interests’. This would have broadened the analysis to explore issues beyond economic insecurity (this author mentions neoliberal globalisation, corporate power etc. This has meant that any duty of care previously recognised by governments regarding an equality agenda has been replaced by one that privileges the ‘values’ of the country concerned, and attempts ‘a subsumption of the minority under the majority’ (Ambalavaner Sivanandan, cited in Fekete, p. In Europe, this adds them to a list that comprises France, Belgium and Austria; moreover, partial bans that prohibit the wearing of either or both garments in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, the judiciary, schools, hospitals and public transport are in place in the Netherlands and Turkey.

France’s and Italy’s naval presence in Cypriot territorial waters is a critical policy objective for Nicosia, which seeks to translate those countries’ economic stakes in eastern Mediterranean energy into a form of security guarantee to defend its sovereignty. Headquartered in Cairo, the organisation counted Italy among its founding members, along with Egypt, Greece, Cyprus, Israel, the Palestinian Authority, and Jordan.

In 2019 Turkey doubled down on its gunboat diplomacy by sending exploration and drillships into Cypriot waters, each of which was escorted by Turkish warships. Günther Oettinger, an EU commissioner, has stated that ‘the markets will teach the Italians to vote for the right thing’, though he has been forced to apologise.

This index is produced by combining the average annual economic loss and the average annual loss of life calculated from Europe's first openly available seismic risk model of its type, normalised by the GDP per capita to account for the varying levels of resilience across Europe. These are neo-Nazi and fascist groups, and of course the Greek grouping was the first outright neo-Nazi party to gain a powerful presence in Europe since the 1970s, when the dictatorships in Portugal, Spain and Greece had been overthrown. active collaboration through reproducing the extreme right’s tactics of creating moral panic, fearmongering and scapegoating; 2.